ScienceIQ.com

Seamounts - Underwater Mountains

Seamounts are undersea mountains that rise from the ocean floor, often with heights of 3,000 m or more. Compared to the surrounding ocean waters, seamounts have high biological productivity, and provide habitats for a variety of plant, animal, and microbial species. Seamounts are formed by volcanic processes, either as isolated peaks or as chains ...

Continue reading...

SeamountsUnderwaterMountains
Biology

The Gingerbread Man

Did you know that gingerbread came about because of a smut disease of wheat? ... Continue reading

TheGingerbreadMan
Medicine

The Placebo Effect

To test new drugs, researchers usually divide their subjects into two groups. One group receives the experimental drug. The other receives a placebo or 'sugar pill' that should have no effect on the ... Continue reading

PlaceboEffect
Physics

The Early Universe Soup

In the first few millionths of the second after the Big Bang, the universe looked very different than today. In fact the universe existed as a different form of matter altogether: the quark-gluon ... Continue reading

TheEarlyUniverseSoup
Medicine

What is Herd Immunity?

No vaccine is 100% effective and usually does not work in 5% of those immunized. In addition, another 5% lose immunity after time. That means that, even after you are immunized, you could contract the ... Continue reading

WhatisHerdImmunity

An Invasion of Infiltrators

InfiltratorsWhy might a species be invasive in one country but not a big problem in its native land? As an example, consider a plant that is a major weed in the U.S. but in its native land it may be a minor pest. Many weeds have chemical defense systems that make them taste bad. In the weed's native land the animals that feed on the weed often evolve along with the weed and become resistant to the weed's defense systems.

In its native land, the weed may have insects that eat its roots, maybe another that bores into its stems, while other insects may eat its leaves, and still others eat its seed. Additionally, there may be rodents that also feed on its seeds.

If this weed then starts growing in a new country, there may be few if any animals that are attracted to this weed as a food source. One way to control the weed is to go to its native land and look for what are called 'natural enemies,' that is diseases of the plant and insects that prefer that weed species as food. These natural enemies are then tested to see if they would attack plants in the U.S. other than the intended weed. If there are no problems, then the natural enemy might be released on the weed.