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Natural Gas - The Blue Flame

It is colorless, shapeless, and in its pure form, odorless. For many years, it was discarded as worthless. Even today, some countries (although not the United States) still get rid of it by burning it in giant flares, so large they can be seen from the Space Shuttle. Yet, it is one of the most valuable fuels we have. Natural gas is made up mainly ...

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NaturalGasTheBlueFlame
Geology

Man Made Clouds

There are many different types of clouds in the sky, but did you know that some of them are man-made? 'Contrails' are the long, thin clouds that are left by airplanes as they fly past. Contrails ... Continue reading

ManMadeClouds
Astronomy

Reading The Colors of the Spectrum

Did you ever wonder how scientists can tell us so much about distant stars, for example, the surface temperature or chemical makeup of a star, light years away from Earth? Scientists can only use what ... Continue reading

SpectrumColors
Engineering

How Can A Bullet-proof Vest Stop A Bullet?

Here's an experiment: take the small coil springs from a dozen or so retractable pens and roll them together in a heap until they are thoroughly tangled and entwined. Now try to pull them apart from ... Continue reading

BulletproofVestStopABullet
Biology

Wise As An Owl

Are owls the smartest birds? According to trainers that work with them, not by a long shot. Parrots are easy to train and can have extensive vocabularies. Hawks can be taught to retrieve objects. Even ... Continue reading

WiseAsAnOwl

Throw Out Your Thermometer

ThermometerIf you're out camping, and you've left your favorite thermometer at home, how can you figure out the temperature? Not the most earth-shaking problem, we admit, but there is an all natural way to find out the air temperature. Listen to a cricket.

Just count the chirps of the common snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus fultoni) for fifteen seconds and add 40. This will give you a pretty close approximation (usually within one degree) of the ambient temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. For Celsius, count for eight seconds and add 5. The trick works with other crickets as well, with a little tweaking of the numbers.

Only male crickets make the familiar chirping sound. Some say it's by rubbing their legs together; some say it's their wings. Like all anthropoids, crickets are cold-blooded, and hence their metabolism is directly affected by their body temperature. As their body temperature goes down, their metabolic rate goes down, and so does the rate of their chirping. As the temperature warms up, the rate of chirping picks up too. What is so interesting is that in order to be an effective gauge of temperature, all male crickets must be chirping at the same rate, which means a very tight relationship between the insect's metabolic rate and the ambient air temperature.