ScienceIQ.com

Somewhere Over Which Rainbow?

How many rainbows are there really when we only see one during a rainstorm? The answer isn't as simple as you might think! Rainbows are formed when light enters a water droplet, reflects once inside the droplet, and is reflected back to our eyes. Each raindrop reflects and refracts the light that enters it in all possible ways. When light first ...

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DoubleRainbow
Chemistry

Knocking the NOx Out of Coal

Nitrogen is the most common part of the air we breathe. In fact, about 80% of the air is nitrogen. Normally, nitrogen atoms float around joined to each other like chemical couples. But when air is ... Continue reading

KnockingtheNOxOutofCoal
Geology

A Big, Big Wave

A tsunami (pronounced 'soo-nah-mee') is a series of waves of extremely long wave length and long period generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces the water. ... Continue reading

ABigBigWave
Chemistry

Liquid Glass Is All Wet

As a liquid changes to a solid, its molecules go from a state of turmoil and chaos to a state of order. As these molecules slow down to form a solid, they arrange themselves into a crystalline ... Continue reading

LiquidGlass
Biology

How Biological Clocks Work

Anyone who has traveled has experienced jet lag—that groggy realization that while your day is beginning in Washington, DC, the night you just left in San Francisco is hardly over. Jet lag is an ... Continue reading

HowBiologicalClocksWork

Did You Smell Something?

SmellThere's not a moment of our lives when smells -- or, more precisely, odor molecules -- aren't impacting our brain. It's been estimated that it takes at least 40 molecules of a given odor for us to be aware of a smell. But each one of our receptor cells can fire in response to as little as a single odor molecule wafting through the air. So even if we think we're not smelling anything, our brain may disagree.

Many studies have shown that your brain reacts to smells whether or not you're aware of them. Undetected odors can alter your brain's electrical activity, according to EEG readings, and can trigger measurable physiological reactions such as changes in body temperature and heart rate. In one experiment, the part of the brain that reacted to the odor molecules was a region responsible for focusing attention and directing awareness. It seems that our brain may be aware of smells and attending to them whether or not our conscious mind is paying attention!