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Earth's Magnetism

Most ancient civilizations were aware of the magnetic phenomenon. Sailors in the late thirteenth century used magnetized needles floating in water as primitive compasses to find their way on the sea. However, most believed that the magnetization of the Earth came from the heavens, from the so called celestial spheres which Greeks invented. It was ...

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EarthsMagnetism
Biology

When Did A Cat Become A Kitty?

It has long been thought that cats were first domesticated in Egypt, about 4000 years ago. Indeed, they were very highly thought of in ancient Egyptian society. It was illegal to kill or harm them, ... Continue reading

WhenDidACatBecomeAKitty
Biology

The Self-less Gene?

The dictionary defines altruism as 'an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.' That's the kind of behavior that rescue workers showed in the 9-11 attack on the World Trade Center, and many of ... Continue reading

SelflessGene
Astronomy

Nursery of Giants Captured in New Spitzer Image

Typically, the bigger something is the easier it is to find. Elephants, for example, are not hard to spot. But when it comes to the massive stars making up the stellar nursery called DR21, size does ... Continue reading

GiantsSpitzerImage
Geology

Distant Mountains Influence River Levels 50 Years Later

Rainfall in the mountains has a major influence on nearby river levels, and its effects can be seen as much as 50 years after the rain has fallen, according to hydrologists funded by the National ... Continue reading

RiverLevels

When Chlorine Met Sodium...

WhenChlorineMetSodiumSodium is a required element in human physiology. The eleventh element in the periodic table, sodium is a soft, silvery white metal that can be easily cut through with a paring knife. It is highly reactive, and reacts readily and vigorously with water to produce sodium hydroxide, giving off a great deal of heat in the process. It would react as vigorously and more with body fluids and stomach acid.

Chlorine is a required element in human physiology. The seventeenth element in the periodic table, chlorine is a pungent, yellowish-green gas that has been used as an agent of chemical warfare. It causes blindness on contact, blistering, pulmonary edema, and destroys the lining of the lungs. It is commonly used as a bleaching agent because of its ready ability to eliminate unwanted colors and odors by destroying the molecules responsible for them.

When metallic sodium and chlorine gas are allowed to come into contact with each other, a very energetic reaction occurs in which the sodium metal actually bursts into flame. The union of these two elements produces one of the most innocuous materials known: sodium chloride, common table salt.