ScienceIQ.com

When This Lake 'Burps,' Better Watch Out!

Nearly twenty years ago, two lakes in Cameroon, a country in Africa, 'burped,' killing hundreds of people. What makes a lake burp? Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are unusual lakes. They each formed in the crater of a volcano that is dormant but not extinct. Under the lake, the magma, molten lava deep in the earth, gives off gases, including carbon ...

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LakeBurps
Geology

Retreating Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes

Could an extra warm summer cause an earthquake in your backyard? Probably not... unless you live in Alaska. You probably know that friction in the earth's crust causes earthquakes, but did you know ... Continue reading

AlaskanEarthquakes
Biology

West Nile Virus Spreads Through United States

Viruses have been the scourge of humankind throughout history. Our most feared diseases, AIDS, smallpox, rabies and even the common cold, are all caused by viruses. Now, a dangerous Old World virus ... Continue reading

WestNileVirus
Astronomy

Reading The Colors of the Spectrum

Did you ever wonder how scientists can tell us so much about distant stars, for example, the surface temperature or chemical makeup of a star, light years away from Earth? Scientists can only use what ... Continue reading

SpectrumColors
Engineering

GPS (Global Positioning System)

The GPS, or Global Positioning System, is the high-tech application of one of the most fundamental principles of geometry. Surveyors routinely use geometry and triangulation to map and lay out areas ... Continue reading

GPSGlobalPositioningSystem

How To Calculate The Circumference Of A Circle

CircumferenceOfACircleA circle is what you get if you take a straight line and bend it around so that its ends touch. You can demonstrate this by taking a piece of stiff wire and doing just that: bring the ends of the wire together end a circle shape will be formed. A true circle has a center, and every point on the line that got bent around to make the circle is exactly the same distance from this central point. That distance is called the radius of the circle. If you were to measure across the center of the circle from one edge to the other, you would be measuring the diameter of the circle. The diameter of a circle is exactly twice the length of the radius of the circle.

Because the length of the line that got bent around to make the circle is a very exact value and doesn't change, it will only make a circle of a certain size. The distance around the edge of the circle is called the circumference, and it can only be the same as the length of that line. There must therefore be a relation between the radius of a circle and the length of that line. The diameter of a circle is related to the circumference through a simple ratio: the value of 2p. If you were to take the original straight line and cut it into pieces so that each piece is as long as the radius of the circle, you would find in the end that you would have six equal pieces and one shorter piece. The circumference of a circle, then, is calculated by the general formula C = 2pr or C = pd.

As an example of how to use this formula, suppose you want to lay out a circular path in a garden to make a flower bed that will be 20 feet across. The path will be made of stones and you have enough stones to make 50 feet of the pathway. Will you need more stones, and if so, how much more will you need? (use p = 3.14) Substituting these values into the formula, you find that your path will be C = p X d. So C equals 3.14 X 20, or 62.8 feet long. Go get more stones.