ScienceIQ.com

What Is Narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder than affects about 1 of every 2000 people worldwide. It usually starts in the teens or twenties, but it may begin in childhood. People who have it fall suddenly and unpredictably into brief periods of deep sleep-- sometimes as many as 20 times a day--even if they have slept well the night before. Their 'sleep attacks' ...

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WhatIsNarcolepsy
Engineering

For Want Of An O-Ring

Who can forget the Challenger disaster of 1986, the culprit, a failed O-ring. But what exactly is an O-ring and how did it cause the destruction of this space shuttle? When surfaces are flat, gaskets ... Continue reading

ForWantOfAnORing
Biology

Proteins Function Through Their Conformation

To produce proteins, cellular structures called ribosomes join together long chains of subunits. A set of 20 different subunits, called amino acids, can be arranged in any order to form a polypeptide ... Continue reading

ProteinConformation
Engineering

A New Twist on Fiber Optics

By twisting fiber optic strands into helical shapes, researchers have created unique structures that can precisely filter, polarize or scatter light. Compatible with standard fiber optic lines, these ... Continue reading

ANewTwistonFiberOptics
Biology

The Blood-brain Barrier

In the human brain, there are approximately 400-425 miles of capillaries. Because the brain is basically a small neurochemistry factory, which makes our behavior a function of its interior chemical ... Continue reading

BloodBrain

Vitreous Humor, Sclera and Other Yukky Eye Stuff

HumanEyeEyes are one of the most complex organs humans have. In fact the optic nerve connection to the brain is so complex and delicate that no one has ever succeeded in transplanting the whole eye (the cornea, the clear covering on the front part of the eye, has been successfully transplanted).

The front of the eye consists of a 'pupil' – an opening in the middle of the eyeball which is surrounded by the 'iris' – the muscle-like part that adjusts the size of the pupil opening depending on the amount of incident light (it also defines the color of the eye), and the white 'sclera' on the periphery. Behind the pupil is the 'lens', which focuses the image of the outside world onto the retina at the back of the eye. Light intensity and the color of the picture is then converted into electric signals and sent to the brain via the optic nerve. The eyeball is filled with a transparent, slimy, gel-like substance called 'vitreous humor'.

Ah, and let's not forget the eye-lids, which blink 10 to 15 times a minute to wash away dust and keep our eyes moist. The blink rate actually depends on our emotional state too. It increases when we like someone, or when we feel uncomfortable, stressed or frightened.