ScienceIQ.com

Bicycle Chain for Fleas

Sandia National Laboratories has engineered the world’s smallest chain. The distance between chain link centers is only 50 microns. In comparison, the diameter of a human hair is approximately 70 microns. This micro-chain has been made on the surface of a silicone substrate using photo-lithographic techniques, just like computer chips are made. It ...

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FleaBicycle
Biology

The Touching Brain

Our brain and skin are initially part of the same primitive formation during prenatal development, but they are separated during the process of neurogenesis (the embroyo's production of brain cells). ... Continue reading

TheTouchingBrain
Astronomy

The Minor Planets

Asteroids are rocky fragments left over from the formation of the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. Most of these fragments of ancient space rubble - sometimes referred to by scientists as ... Continue reading

MinorPlanets
Biology

Life In The Extreme

Lowly microbes just may be the toughest living things on Earth. They have learned to survive, and indeed flourish, in the harshest environment imaginable, deep-sea rifts. These rifts are chains of ... Continue reading

Microbes
Astronomy

X-ray Emissions From Comets

The X-ray emission from comets is produced by high-energy particles, but the high-energy particles come not from the comet but from the sun. Matter is continually evaporating from the solar corona in ... Continue reading

XrayEmissionsComets

Sweet Dolphin Dreams

DolphinDreamsImagine if your breathing wasn't an automatic response. That might work during the day. But what about when you went to sleep? You wouldn't get a good night's sleep if you had to wake up every few minutes to consciously take a breath. Luckily for humans, and most mammals, breathing is regulated by our autonomic or involuntary nervous system.

This isn't true for dolphins. Dolphins have to consciously control their breathing. An involuntary system would give an animal that may or may not be under water at any given moment, some obvious problems. So, if they must be conscious to breathe, how do dolphins sleep?

A dolphin's brain, like ours, is divided into two hemispheres. But rather than having both hemispheres close down for the night, as we do, dolphins sleep on only one side of their brains at a time. Dolphins are very active for about eight hours a day, with both sides of their brains taking part in their activities. The rest of the time, the two hemispheres take turns sleeping. A dolphin continues swimming slowly near the surface of the water during periods of sleep with one eye wide open and aware of its surroundings. This way of sleeping allows the animal to keep breathing and has the added benefit of keeping that one eye open for predators.